Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei

Five polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterized for Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. Loci were isolated using a partial Sau3A1 genomic library by the sequencing of randomly selected clones and by a biotinylated (CT)₁₀ and (GT)₁₀ probes screening procedure. The last strategy resulted in the most useful data. About 40% of the clones showed a previously reported satellite/microsatellite (PVS1), reducing the chance of finding new microsatellite regions. Whereas two of the microsatellite loci with more than 10 alleles will be useful for mating analysis in a breeding program, the others might prove useful for population genetic studies.     

Synthesisin vitro of cholesterol by mitochondria in the shrimpPenaeus aztecus (Ives)

The incorporation of [¹⁴C]-acetate, [¹⁴C]-mevalonate and [¹⁴C]-desmosterol into cholesterol in the muscle mitochondria of the brown shrimpPenaeus aztecus (Ives) is more as compared to that in hepatopancreas. [¹⁴C]-Desmosterol is more efficiently incorporated into cholesterol in comparison with [¹⁴C]-acetate. The muscle mitochondria from males incorporated more [¹⁴C]-mevalonate into cholesterol than those from females, while the converse is true in the hepatopancreatic mitochondria.     

斑节对虾两个野生亲虾种群遗传多样性

采用RAPD和mtDNA 16S rRNA基因序列分析方法对海南和马来西亚斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)种群进行了遗传多样性和遗传分化研究.结果表明:15个RAPD随机引物共检测到82个位点,海南和马来西亚种群的多态位点比例分别为75.90％和76.83％,杂合度分别为0.199和0.218,遗传多样性指数分别为0.276和0.288,种群间的遗传距离为0.015;16S rRNA基因检测的种内遗传变异较低,马来西亚和海南种群的核苷酸多样性分别为0.011和0,种群之间的遗传距离为0.008;马来西亚种群比海南种群的遗传变异水平要高得多,且海南种群可能起源于马来西亚种群;进行遗传选育时可考虑引进马来西亚亲虾作为奠基群体.     

海洋蛭弧菌的分离鉴定及其对副溶血弧菌的作用

蛭弧菌广泛存在于自然水体, 具有噬菌的特性, 对水体中细菌数量控制具调节作用。以副溶血弧菌为宿主菌, 利用双层琼脂法, 从海洋水体中分离出15株具有噬菌作用的细菌, 对形成噬菌斑能力最强的1株菌株进行特异性16S rDNA扩增, 确认为蛭弧菌, 命名为Bd-M1。Bd-M1对大多数海水养殖动物病原菌有裂解作用, 裂解率在90%(20/22)以上, 模拟水环境实验发现, 蛭弧菌对副溶血弧菌有较强的裂解和净化作用, 102 h内能使副溶血弧菌从3.0′108 CFU/mL下降到8.7×103 CFU/mL。动物实验表明蛭弧菌能有效预防对虾弧菌病的发生, 表明蛭弧菌有望成为水产动物疾病防治的一种有效的生物制剂。     

Sequence variations of the first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer of Penaeus species in Thailand

The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) was investigated in the search for additional genetic marker that is suitable for population studies of the penaeid shrimps. The sequence variations of the ITS1 were determined and found to be informative in estimating phylogenies in that they differentiate four species of penaeid shrimps, namely Penaeus merguiensis, Penaeus silasi, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus semisalcatus and the populations of P. merguiensis collected in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. The length of the ITS1 ranged from 499 to 772 bp, with a GC content of 63.30-67.37%. Four microsatellite loci are found in the ITS1 at 5′ end and the middle of region and seem to be associated with sequence divergence and size variation in Penaeus species. Some microsatellites were found in only one specie, (GCGA)₄ in P. semisalcatus and (CGGA)_4-9 in P. monodon. These microsatellite regions are considerably long enough and the level of intragenomic variation in P. merguiensis is less than that between different species, hence, provide a great potential use in the population studies.     

湛江棕囊藻对南美白对虾虾苗和多种鱼苗的毒性研究

测定了湛江棕囊藻赤潮海水和棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)虾苗、青石斑鱼(Epinephelus awoara)、鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)和尖吻鲈鱼(Latescal carifer)鱼苗的毒性。结果表明,棕囊藻对虾苗有一定的毒性,24 h LC50为1.0×109 cells L-1,去除囊泡液后的棕囊藻碎片对虾苗毒性较弱,细胞密度为1.0×109 cells L-1时,24 h虾苗的死亡率仅为10%,赤潮海水对虾苗无毒性;棕囊藻囊泡液对青石斑鱼有一定毒性,24 h LC50为囊泡液占海水总体积的10.9%,赤潮海水对青石斑鱼苗无毒性;棕囊藻对尖吻鲈鱼和鲻鱼鱼苗无毒性。     

Effects of eyestalk ablation and limb amputation on the moult cycle of the shrimp Penaeus chinensis

The shrimp Penaeus chinensis at moult stage D_o were subjected to one of the three following treatments: bilateral eyestalk ablation, amputation of the fifth pair of pereiopods, and both of the above treatments. Two consecutive ecdyses after treatments were followed. Intact animals served as control. Precocious moulting was exhibited in all treated groups. Eyestalk ablation shortened the time to the first ecdysis more than does limb amputation. Additive effect was found in shrimps receiving both treatments. The duration between the first and second ecdyses in treated shrimps was shorter than that of intact animals, but the durations in the three treated groups were not significantly different from one another. Regenerates of limbs appeared after the second ecdysis following limb amputation. Further, change of body colour from black and green to red and white was observed in shrimps with eyestalk ablation.     

温度、投饵频次对白色霞水母无性繁殖与螅状体生长的影响

白色霞水母是我国近海主要大型灾害水母种类之一,其暴发性增殖严重破坏了海洋生态系统平衡.在室内控制条件下,研究了温度(7.5、11、14.5、18、21.5和25℃)和投饵频次(1次/2d、1次/8d和1次/16d)对白色霞水母无性繁殖与螅状体生长的影响.结果显示,白色霞水母足囊繁殖的适宜温度为18-25℃,足囊繁殖随温度和投饵频次的增加而增加.温度对白色霞水母横裂率和横裂次数的影响显著,温度越高,白色霞水母发生横裂生殖的时间越早,横裂生殖速度越快,重复横裂次数越多,释放的碟状体数量也越多.横裂率和横裂次数随投饵频次的增加而递增.白色霞水母螅状体在7.5-25℃范围的成活率均为100％,其生长速度随温度和投饵频次的增加而增加.温度和投饵频次对白色霞水母螅状体足囊繁殖、横裂率和螅状体生长具有明显的交互效应.螅状体的横裂次数和初生碟状幼体伞径随螅状体柄径增大而递增,呈线性相关.研究表明,温度、投饵频次即营养条件显著影响着白色霞水母的种群数量,说明海水水温上升、富营养化或渔业资源锐减导致的浮游动物量增加均可能诱发白色霞水母暴发性增殖.结论为进一步探索大型水母暴发的生态环境机理提供重要科学依据.     

RT—PCR法检测我国东南沿海凡纳滨对虾的桃拉综合征病毒

桃拉综合征病毒（Taura syndrome virus,TSV）引致养殖及野生对虾急性传染病,14d至40d的幼虾极易感。该病毒属微RNA病毒科（Picornaviridae）,近年来研究者认为应归类为类蟋蟀麻痹病毒属（Cricket paralysis—like viruses）,因其基因组特征更接近于前所未分类的昆虫单股RNA病毒,如丙型果蝇病毒。